WASHINGTON — As the Pentagon races to build more resilient satellite constellations and other space capabilities to defend against threats from China and Russia, key questions remain unanswered about where competition in space ends and conflict begins, according to a new report from the Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies.

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Sandra Erwin writes about military space programs, policy, technology and the industry that supports this sector. She has covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA’s National Defense...