Starship lunar lander
A lunar lander proposed by SpaceX and based on its Starship vehicle is one of three concepts selected by NASA for its Human Landing System program. Credit: SpaceX

On April 30, NASA announced the award of close to $1 billion in funds split between three companies to develop human landing systems for its Artemis moon base program. The companies were SpaceX, which proposed a variant of its Starship reusable launch system, and teams led by Blue Origin and Dynetics, which each offered much smaller dedicated lunar landing and ascent vehicles. Accepting these as now the primary options for Artemis, how might they best be used?

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