A recent example of a nation enhancing its sovereign space capability occurred in mid-May when Poland gained sovereign control of Polsaris, a synthetic aperture radar satellite, shown above, built by Iceye. Polsaris provides Poland with independent, all-weather, day-and-night imaging to bolsters Poland’s, and by extension NATO’s, space-based intelligence capabilities, an Iceye spokesperson said. Credit: Iceye

AMSTERDAM – European nations are adopting a mix of sovereign, bilateral, federated and dual-use commercial technologies to enhance military readiness.

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Debra Werner is a correspondent for SpaceNews based in San Francisco. Debra earned a bachelor’s degree in communications from the University of California, Berkeley, and a master’s degree in Journalism from Northwestern University. She is a recipient...