China’s persistent use of maritime gray zone tactics poses a fundamental challenge to regional stability and the international order. These actions are designed to achieve strategic aims — territorial advancement and sovereignty erosion — without crossing the threshold of conventional armed conflict. Using ambiguity and indirect coercion, China seeks to “advance without attacking” and shape a favorable strategic environment under the guise of civilian activity. 

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Rear Admiral Lin Chauluen (Ret.) served in the Taiwan Navy and Coast Guard for more than 35 years, during which time he was responsible for strategy planning, force build-up, and net assessment. He used to be captain of four warships, including a 10,000-ton...